The logs I usually look at are (in ccm\logs): wuahandler.log (that will tell you if a gpo is smacking down your cm local policy), and if scanning is happening correctly, then updatesdeployment.log usually has some gems of info buried in the noise.
Since SUP is as you know based on WSUS, %windir%\windowsupdate.log is quite helpful.
Since you've been apparently using WSUS for a while, I'm sure you are familiar with the tricks of "reinstall the wu agent" or "reregister the dlls" or the "delete the softwaredistribution folder and reregister the dlls" batch files that are out there.
There's also a free tool you can download from
http://www.solarwinds.com/downloads/ (near the bottom) for checking the health of your windows update agent. (not strictly for CM alone, but still helpful)
Edit: if the policy from the site is not "making it" to the clients to enable that component (which are are implying) a couple of things to try: 1) do you have multiple primary sites? If so, you enabled that component at EACH site, not just the top one, right? 2) if you did enable it at all sites... sometimes the policy just needs to get a new "policy version". One way is to just go into that software updates agent on the primary site(s) and change it a bit... like if you have re-eval every 3 days, change it to daily. Something, anything, to trigger a new policy version.
<message edited by skissinger on Wednesday, July 18, 2012 8:01 AM>